The key things to know about shorthand is:
1. Consonant: there are twenty-four consonants, twelve vowels and four diphthongs like in the English language.
In shorthand, vowels are represented by dots and dashes written alongside the consonant stroke.
When a vowel comes before a consonant it is placed before the stroke when a vowel comes after a consonant it is placed after the stroke.
Vowels are divided into three places.
First place vowel
Second place vowel
Third place vowel
First place vowel: when the first vowel in a word is a first-place vowel it is written above the line i.e. first position e.g. long vowel ah, short vowel a, long vowel aw, short vowel o.
Second position: when a second-place vowel is the first vowel in a word, the outline is written in the second position that’s the first stroke rest on the line. Examples long vowel a, short vowel e, long vowel o, short vowel u.
Third place vowel: this is the last four vowels are written in the third place. When the third-place vowel comes between two strokes, it is put in third place before the second stroke. When a third-place vowel is the first vowel in a word, the outline is written in the third position that’s the downstroke or upstroke is written through the line examples long vowel e, short vowel I, long vowel oo and short vowel oo.
2. Joining of consonants: consonants are joined without lifting the pen, start the second where the first ends and write the stroke in proper direction note that the first stroke rests on the line.
3. Phrasing: in order to promote speed writing, shorthand words may often be joined it is called phrasing, Outline should be phrased only when they are joined easily and naturally. The first word in a phrase is written in its normal position.
4. Short forms for common words: frequently used a word such as be, it, do, to, and the etc are expressed in shorthand by a single sign. These short forms aid to speed writing.
5. Punctuation: the following special punctuation marks are used in shorthand.
X full stop
? question
! exclamation
= hyphen
~ dash
( ) parenthesis
Other signs are written as in longhand
Remain, Bless,
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